What is meant by the "precautionary principle" in risk management?

The "precautionary principle" in risk management advocates for taking proactive measures to prevent harm in situations of uncertainty. It suggests that even if there is no definitive proof that a certain action or substance poses a risk, if there is potential for harm, it is prudent to implement safeguards or mitigative actions. This principle is especially relevant in contexts where scientific data may be incomplete or where the consequences of inaction could be severe.

Implementing measures without certainty of risk allows decision-makers to err on the side of caution, prioritizing safety and public health over awaiting irrefutable evidence. This approach contrasts with a more reactive stance that waits for clear evidence of harm before acting, thus recognizing the need for preventive action in the face of uncertainty.