How does vulnerability assessment differ from risk assessment?

Vulnerability assessment primarily aims to identify and analyze the factors that increase a system's susceptibility to harm or adverse impacts. It delves into specific weaknesses or gaps within a system, infrastructure, community, or population that could be exploited or worsen the effects of a threat or hazard. This approach provides a granular understanding of where vulnerabilities lie, allowing for targeted improvements and interventions to mitigate potential harm.

In contrast, risk assessment encompasses a broader evaluation that includes identifying threats, quantifying potential losses, and analyzing the probability of those losses occurring. While vulnerability assessment focuses on "how vulnerable" a particular entity is, risk assessment looks at the overall risk landscape, incorporating both the likelihood and consequence of various threats.

The other options focus on aspects that do not accurately describe the core function of vulnerability assessment. For instance, total risk probability pertains more to quantitative assessments associated with risk assessment rather than solely identifying vulnerabilities. Merging community input is a process that enhances understanding but is not exclusive to vulnerability assessments. Economic benefits overshadowing safety is a concern in discussions of risk management but does not define the distinction between vulnerability and risk assessments.